Study on calcium alginate encapsulation of hibiscus cannabinus l. Biochar on methylene blue removal

This thesis contains analysis of the manufacturing and application of calcium alginate- encapsulated biochar made from Hibiscus cannabinus L. for the purpose of the removal of Methylene blue, a dye that is widely used in a variety of industries. In order to improve the durability and effectiveness of the biochar in water treatment applications, the study analyses the encapsulation procedure. The study focuses on optimizing key encapsulation parameters, including temperature of carbonization, size of biochar particles, dosage of biochar, pH of Methylene Blue solution, and agitation speed. To improve stability and adsorption efficiency, the encapsulation process is methodically adjusted, which aids in the creation of an efficient and sustainable water treatment solution. The objectives of this study were to prepare calcium alginate kenaf core biochar beads, (CAKCB) to obtain the optimum condition of CAKCB beads in methylene blue removal and to characterize CAKCB beads using UV-visible spectrophotometer, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) before and after the methylene blue removal process. Consequently, by optimizing the parameters, batch experiments were conducted to determine the ideal adsorption conditions of the kenaf core biochar coated with calcium alginate gel. The calcium alginate beads were created by the cross-linking method while the kenaf core was carbonized to generate KC biochar. The optimum conditions obtained for highest methylene blue removal were at temperature, size, and dosage of 700 º C, 45 μm and 1.0 g respectively. The percentages of dye removal also increase with increasing of pH and agitation speed. Results indicate that optimal encapsulation parameters significantly improve the adsorption performance of the biochar, establishing it as a promising adsorbent for methylene blue removal. This shown that kenaf core biochar is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of dyes, able to boost kenaf usage while also assisting in the reduction of water pollution issues, improving both the general health of people and the quality of the water.