Antibiogram, heavy metal resistance of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis Spp.)

This study was carried out to determine antibiogram, heavy metal resistance of Edwardsiella larda on Red Hybrid Tilapia. E.tarda was successfully isolated from
Red Hybrid Tilapia fish and was tested with 16 types of antibiotics by using the disc diffusion method. The MAR value calculated was high which up to 0.5. Heavy metal
tolerance tested using three types of heavy metal which are Cadmium (Cu²⁺), Cadmium (Cd²⁺) and Chromium (Cr⁶⁺). The results show that resistance cases 86%, intermediate sensitive cases 17% and sensitive cases 55%. lt shows that the bacterial isolates were found 100% resistant to tetracycline, penicillin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, collistin sulphate and 80% resistant to oxytetracycline, and compound sulphonamide, 70% cases were resistant to ampicillin, and amoxycillin. Only 70% bacterial isolates show intermediate sensitive cases towards kanamyein. It is 100% of the bacterial isolates found to be sensitive to nalidixic acid. flumequine. florfenicol, and chloramphenicol. ln addition, the bacterial isolates were resistant to all heavy metal tested. Graphene oxide also shows positive reaction towards concentration at 31.25 and 62.5. In conclusion, the Red Hybrid Tilapia sample was exposed highly to antibiotics and heavy metal.