Identification of Types of Compound from Piper longum (Piperaceae) Extracts

Chemical compounds were isolated from Piper longum fruits extracts and identified by TLC using a chloroform: methanol: water (50: 35: 15, v/v) as a mobile phase. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed the presence of alkaloid after spraying with the Dragendorff's reagent and resulted in two different Rf values which are 0.57 and 0.34 respectively. The TLC test also indicated the presence of terpenes and phenol in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts based on the red, brown and light brown spots respectively on the TLC plate after spraying with vanillin reagent. Sulphuric test also indicated the existence of flavonoid with yellow colour spot on the TLC plate. Test under ammonia vapour did not show positive result. At solvent system of 9ml hexane: 1m1 ethyl acetate, the orange spot was observed after spaying with Dragendorff's reagent with the Rf value of 0.09, while the TLC plate at polarity 7ml hexane: 3m1 ethyl acetate showed the presence of alkaloid with the Rf value of 0.43. In the dichloromethane extract using 4m1 hexane: 6m1 ethyl acetate and 3m1 hexane: 7ml ethyl acetate as the solvent systems, orange spots were observed at Rf value of 0.17 and 0.43 respectively. Negative result was shown for the other the vanillin, sulphuric acid and ammonia vapour tests. The dichloromethane extract with solvent system of hexane: ethyl acetate in the different polarities of (4m1: 6ml) and (3m1: m17) showed positive result by the presence of flavonoid compound with the existence of yellow colour spot on plate in the sulphuric acid test and brown spot in the vanillin test. Orange colour spots at the Rf values of 0.17 and 0.43 were observed after spraying with the Dragendorff's reagent. The extract also showed the presence of flavonoid, phenol and terpene compounds by positive results in vanillin and sulphuric acid tests for 4m1 hexane: 6m1 ethyl acetate and 3m1 hexane: 7m1 ethyl acetate as a solvent systems. The TLC plate for the ethyl acetate extract, showed the presence of trepenes phenol and flavonoid as well, after spraying with vanillin and sulphuric acid reagents using two different types of solvent system which were 5ml chloroform: 5ml ethyl acetate and 9ml hexane: 1 ml methanol. The methanol extract using the mobile phase of 6ml chloroform: 4m1 methanol did not show any presence of alkaloid but positive for terpene, phenol and flavonoid compounds based on the red and yellow colour spots that appeared after spraying with vanillin and sulphuric reagents. For HPLC analyzed, the dilution showed 25 peaks and there was three major peaks were identified.