Evaluation of mangrove forest function in reducing waves currents using a physical models

Mangroves are essential for coastal protection because they attenuate wave forces and lower wave heights, protecting coastlines from erosion and catastrophic weather events. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of mangrove forests in reducing wave currents using physical modelling techniques. The main aim is to measure wave height reduction at different levels of mangrove density and to study the influence of various tree arrangements on wave attenuation. Several controlled tests were carried out in tanks to simulate different wave pressures on mangrove plant densities. Wave height measurements were carried out before and after the wave passage through the mangrove model. The results show a strong relationship between mangrove density and wave height reduction. Furthermore, the configuration of mangroves, such as random vs. in-line arrangement patterns, affected the degree of wave attenuation. Nevertheless, the random arrangement pattern shows more effectiveness than the in-line arrangement in reducing the wave pressure. The results highlight the importance of mangroves' density and geographic distribution in enhancing coastal areas' ability to withstand wave impacts. This research offers valuable insights for coastal management and restoration programs that seek to optimize the protective function of mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, this model can also be applied to educating young people about the importance of mangrove forests for coastal conservation.