Geology and GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping of Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan

Geographically, the study area is situated in Kampung Sungai Rual in northern part of Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia. In Malaysia, geological hazard occurs quiet frequently especially landslide hazard. Landslide hazard is one of the most dangerous geomorphological processes which devoted loss of financial, human lives and damages to infrastructures. The objectives of this study are to update geological mapping of Kampung Sungai Rual with scale of 1:25,000, to classify parameters triggering the landslide hazard based on literature reviews and Weighted Overlay Method (WOM), and to generate landslide susceptibility mapping of Kampung Sungai Rual using Geographic Information System (GIS). The coordinates of Kampung Sungai Rual fall between 5° 41’ 0” N to 5° 38’ 30” N latitudes and 101° 47’ 0” E to 101° 50’ 0” E longitudes. The study area coverage is 5x5 kilometres with highest elevation up to 900 meters. Kampung Sungai Rual comprise of granitic rock types from Kemahang Granite and alluvium units distributed in the study area. The method on updating geological information of the study area consist of geomorphology, structural geology, historical geology, and stratigraphy. ArcGIS tools were in charge in producing the geological map and landslide susceptibility map of the study area. Three thematic maps were utilized in general geology which are topography map, drainage pattern map, and lineament map. There are 6 thematic maps for landslide susceptibility mapping including aspect map, slope angle map, drainage density, lithology, vegetation, and rainfall distribution which also become the triggering factors influence the landslide occurrence of the study area. Weighted Overlay Method (WOM) were utilized for an evaluation of the landslide hazard. Landslide susceptibility mapping generated by sum of overlayed thematic maps. Results indicated the landslide susceptibility map was classified into three classes which is low, moderate, and high hazard class. The main causative factors triggered the landslide were determined which are drainage density and rainfall distribution. Based on the landslide susceptibility, the study area influenced by low potential hazard risk (54%), followed by moderate hazard risk (44%), and high hazard risk (2%).