Analysis of river channel change using remote sensing images at Kelantan River basin

This study presents the utilities of remote sensing technique for analysis of river channel change using remote sensing images at Kelantan River Basin. Understanding river channel change is a key component in developing ecologically friendly and long-term fluvial projects, as well as a way to reduce project maintenance costs. The project's study and conclusions assist in determining how to recognise probable morphological change in river channels. Remote sensing is one of the effective methods for water quality monitoring through image analysis of study area. These tools provide valid means of studying river channel changes. In this study, river channel changes are monitored and quantified by using remote sensing and GIS in Kelantan River. This study focus on four interval years between year 1988 until year 2021. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 5 images of three different years which are 1988, 1999 and 2010, and Landsat 8 of OLI/TIRS year 2021 were compared. The quantity of accretion and erosion was assessed using parcel-based geoprocessing in a GIS system. The outcomes of the river analysis of research area 1's channel shows that the unchanging areas from 1988-1999 are 188.44 (ha), 159.84 (ha) for the years 1999-2010, and 163.68 (ha) for the 2010-2021 year. The average annual rate of erosion between 1988 and 1999 was 14.95 ha, 31.67 ha from 1999 to 2010 and 326.45 ha from 2010 to 2021. From 1988 to 1999, there was an accretion of 3.07 ha, 40.22 ha from 1999 to 2021, and 17.28 from 2010 to 2021. The results of river analysis of the channel of study area 2 are shows the unchanged area for 1988-1999 is 679.46 (ha), 389.16 (ha) for the years 1999-2010, and 374.85 (ha) for the 2010-2021 year. The erosion was 65.31 ha between 1988 and 1999, 295.25 ha between 1999 and 2010, and 245.01 ha between 2010 and 2021. The accretion from 1988 to 1999 is 4.96 ha, 230.70 ha from 1999 to 2010, and 244.43 ha from 2010 to 2021. The locations are labelled with the year they were created. The area of each year is changing by study period of time for all four interval years 1988, 1999, 2010, and 2021 for study area 1 and 2. The results prove that the river channel in Kelantan is altering.