Detection of hemoparasites and associated risk factors in backyard chickens in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Avian hemoparasites are known to have detrimental effects on chickens, causing pathological changes and contributing to mortality. Various infections, including hemoparasites, can infect backyard chickens and affect poultry productivity or the economy. In this study, backyard chickens raised in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, were examined for the presence of hemoparasites and their association with several risk factors. In July to August 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Blood samples were collected from the wing and jugular veins of a total of 40 chickens. Fresh thin blood smears were prepared, fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa stain at the Parasitology Laboratory, University Malaysia Kelantan for the microscopic examination. Out of 40 samples analysed, 11 were positive, yielding an overall detection rate of 27.5%. Leucocytozoon sp. was the only genus of hemoparasites found and species identification was based on morphological characteristics. Leucocytozoon was identified by the presence of roundish host cells without spindle-like projections. Furthermore, no significant association (p > 0.05) was found between hemoparasite detection and age, sex or rearing types. This study confirms the presence of hemoparasite infection in backyard chickens within the study area. The findings also provide baseline information for future research and may assist in developing effective infection control strategies.