Detection of Haemaphysalis SPP. and lice infestation and associated risk factors in backyard chicken in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Ectoparasites, involving lice and ticks, are common in poultry and can adversely affect bird health, productivity, and welfare by causing irritation, feather damage, anemia, and serving as vectors of disease. Backyard chickens are particularly vulnerable due to various risk factors which in this study focusing on age and rearing system. The objective of this study was to identify Haemaphysalis spp. and lice infestations and determine the related risk factors in backyard chickens in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A total of 40 chickens were examined, and ectoparasite samples were collected and analyzed under a stereomicroscope for morphological identification. The results showed that 30 chickens (75.0%) were infested with lice, while none were positive for Haemaphysalis spp. Age and rearing systems were significantly associated with lice infestation. In conclusion, lice are highly prevalent in backyard chickens in Kota Bharu, highlighting the need for regular monitoring and effective ectoparasite management to improve bird health and productivity in small-scale poultry systems.