Oxidation of phenol using nanoparticles from rice husk ash: effect of mass

The oxidation of phenol using silica nanoparticles derived from rice husk ash (RHA) was investigated the effect of different mass of catalyst. In this research, RHA and phenol were aims to address on the challenges with an environmentally friendly approach towards pollutant removal and making production product. The silica nanoparticles were extracted it from rice husk until burning it to become rice husk ash and characterized catalyst produced by using technique Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Power X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This research also to study the catalytic activity of silica on the oxidation of phenol by using various mass by using the Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). The oxidation reactions were conducted under varying conditions, including different masses such as 0.10g, 0.20g and 0.30. The results revealed that the choice of different mass significantly influenced the oxidation efficiency of phenol, with weight 0.20g demonstrating superior performance compared to 0.10g and 0.03g. Additionally, the effects of solvent polarity, dielectric constant, and hydrogen bonding interactions on the oxidation kinetics were investigated. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the role of solvent in influencing the catalytic activity of silica nanoparticles derived from RHA for the oxidation of phenol, contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient methods for making production product and environmental remediation. The findings underscore the importance of solvent selection in optimizing the performance of heterogeneous catalysts and highlight the potential of silica nanoparticles from RHA as promising catalysts for various oxidation reactions in the aqueous environments.