Characterization studies of nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel formulations

This research aims to provide formulations for nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel, and to determine the characteristics of each utilized formulation. Nanoemulsion formulations were obtained from the ternary phase diagram involving distilled water, soybean oil, and surfactants (Tween 80 and glycerol) based on previous research. The nanoemulsion consists of 60% Tween 80 + glycerol, 30% water, and 10% soybean oil. Nanoemulsion was prepared using the low-energy emulsification method or spontaneous emulsification method. All tests were conducted to assess the characteristics of both nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel. Nanoemulgel was obtained by combining nanoemulsion with Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. Different formulations of nanoemulsion were prepared based on the ternary phase diagram. These characteristics were also studied to determine the effectiveness differences between nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel. This is due to the use of ten different formulas based on points on the ternary phase diagram and variations in the amount of Carbopol 940 used in the nanoemulsion to form a perfect nanoemulgel. To create a stable nanoemulsion and nanomugel, we subsequently analyzed their characteristics. The characterization of the nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel involved assessing their appearance, pH levels, stability, viscosity, and Tyndall effect. Results revealed that nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel formulations were stable, displaying no separation. The pH measurements indicated that the solution was acidic and not suitable for the skin. The Tyndall effect confirmed the classification of all formulations as nanoemulsions, macroemulsions, and microemulsions. Viscosity measurements enabled researchers to comprehend the relative thickness of each nanoemulgel formulation in the result comparison. The spreadability resulted in the conclusion that the concentration of nanoemulsion in the nanoemulgel formulation significantly influenced the spreadability of the final product and highlighting the importance of formulation in product development.