Distribution of REE in soil layer from Jeli, Kelantan

Rare earth elements (REEs) play crucial roles in various technological and industrial applications, yet their distribution and implications in terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study investigates the spatial and vertical variations in the concentrations of multiple REEs, including yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), thulium (Tm), and ytterbium (Yb), across soil samples from diverse locations. Through comprehensive soil analysis, it elucidates the complex interplay of geological, geochemical, and environmental factors shaping REE distribution in soils. Spatially, distinct patterns emerge, with certain areas exhibiting elevated REE concentrations indicative of localized sources or geological formations. Vertical variability within soil profiles highlights the influence of processes such as organic matter accumulation, mineral weathering, and leaching on REE distribution across soil layers. These findings underscore the importance of understanding REE dynamics in terrestrial environments for assessing soil fertility, ecosystem health, and potential environmental risks associated with REE accumulation.