Utilizing biochar derived from garcinia mangostana peel as an adsorbent for removing Congo red dye from aqueous solutions

This study investigates the potential of biochar derived from Garcinia mangostana peel as an adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions. The raw material that was used in this study was collected from agricultural waste from the banana farm in kg. Kuala Lipis, Pahang area. The mangosteen peel is one of the agricultural wastes that is often seen as valuable in the market after the harvesting season of the mangosteen tree. Agricultural waste is the term for leftover materials from agriculture. Mangosteen peel is an inexpensive and sustainable agricultural waste that can be used to rid wastewater of heavy metals and dyes. These days, the majority of the adsorption process used to treat polluted water from various industries, such as textile, tannery, candle, pharmaceutical, etc., uses agricultural wastes. The most efficient way for eliminating pollutants, heavy metals, and dyes from wastewater is adsorption. A cost - effective adsorbent that can remove dye from an aqueous solution is mangosteen peel. This study's primary goal is to find out how well raw mangosteen peel absorbs dye Congo Red and its capabilities as an adsorbent. With the use of FT-IR analysis, the properties of mangosteen peel were investigated. In order to find the ideal parameters and adsorption isotherms for the removal of congo red dye using mangosteen peel, these parameters were examined. The maximum percentage of dye removal was observed in 1.5 g after 8 hours at 700˚C of carbonization temperature and 30 mg/L of the initial dye concentration. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the equilibrium data, and the adsorption efficiency was 85.47 mg/g. The adsorption behavior was analyzed using the Langmuir model exhibited a high degree of fit (R² = 0.9998) for the adsorption of Congo Red dye on biochar, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface