Study on water quality in selected area from rivers in Kelantan

Water is a fundamental resource essential for sustaining life on Earth. Its quality plays a pivotal role in ensuring the health and well-being of both humans and ecosystems. Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water that determine its suitability for various purposes, including drinking, agriculture, industry, and aquatic habitat support. Understanding water quality is crucial for effective management and conservation efforts to safeguard this vital resource.Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), and copper (Cu) are among the elements found in trash generated by domestic human activities, agriculture, and mining. Aside from that, it affects the inherent qualities of river water constituents. The purpose of this study is to assess the physical parameters (turbidity, pH, TSS, TDS) as well as the concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Al, and Cu) Next, assess the level of contamination in the research areas. Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental risk. These contaminants are longlasting and do not degrade naturally. As a result, statistics are critical for determining the level of contamination. Turbidity and pH were measured in-situ using the YSI multiparameter, whereas TSS, TDS, COD. In addition, for heavy metal analysis, the effluent samples were destroyed with concentrated HNO3 . The elements concentrations were evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry with the use of a Sigma-Aldrich multielement standard using a diluted solution of 0.1 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 1.00 ppm, and 2 ppm in lab GREAT at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. The study's findings show that all of the test data compared to the National Water Quality Standard's allowable values. Maintaining high water quality is essential for sustaining ecosystems, protecting human health, and supporting socioeconomic activities. Effective management strategies, informed by comprehensive understanding and monitoring of water quality, are necessary to address current challenges and ensure the availability of clean and safe water for present and future generations.