Removal Of Reactive Orange 16 Dye Using Casuarina Equisetifolia Seeds As Packing Media For Microbial Biofilm Formation

Untreated dyes effluent from dye industry mostly is toxic and mutagenic to living organism highly impacts to environment. The objectives of this study are (1) To study the microbial growth by monitoring the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) during the pre-adaption period of lab-scale sequencing batch biofflm reactors (CES-SBBR and FC-SBR); (2) To determine the effect of operating parameters (initial concentration of dye and hydraulic retention time) on the removal of Reactive Orange 16 (R016) dye by monitoring the performance of lab scale sequencing batch biofflm reactors (CES-SBBR and FC-SBR) and lab scale packed bed reactor with Casuarina equisetifolia media (CES-PBR) removal. Three strains of the microbe from batik industry effluent were isolated and study on its potential to remove the R016 dye. During the pre-adaptation period, biomass growth reduced from initially 0.12 to 0.03 mg/L during day 7 prior the addition of nutrient into each reactor. At day 19, the MLSS recorded were 0.22 and 0.18 mg/L for CES-SBBR and FC-SBR respectively. For the performance study of CES-SBBR, the effects of initial concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the removal of R016 were analyz.ed. During initial concentration of R016 and HRT of 2 mg/L and 24 h, respectively, the removal percentage of R016 was in range of 80.00-82.26%. Next, the initial concentration of R016 was increased to 4 and 6 mg/L, while the HRT was maintained at 24 h. The removal percentage dropped to 70.00-71.28% when the initial concentration of R016 w. increased to 4mg/L. The percentage of removal continued to drop as the initial concentration of R016 was increas. to 6 mg/L with only 48.06-50.00% of removal. Finally, the HRT was extended to 48 h, the removal percentage was improved to 75.37- 78.12%. The R016 removal percentage for FC-SBR and CES-PBR were found to be lower compared to CES-SBBR. On the final week of performance study, the biomass concentration of CES-SBBR and FC-SBR reachsd up to 0.50 and 0.33 mg/L respectively. 'this study shows that the combination of adsorption and biological processes improved removal efficiency of R016 dye.
Keywords: Reactive Orange 16, Casuarina equisetlf.. Media, Biofilm, Bioroactor