The Synthesis of Lead Halide Perovskite Using Two-Step Sequential Deposition Method

The Synthesis of Lead Halide Perovskite Using Two-Step Sequential Deposition Method
Lead halide perovskite have captivated enormous attention due to their remarkable properties for various material applications such as gas sensor, optoelectronic device and light emitting diodes. Yet the stability of material has become the limitation to the extent that leads to severe material degradation. Hence, the study on material stability was carried out by synthesis lead halide perovskite (LHP) using two-step sequential deposition (2-ssd) method based on different time immersion. The stability was observed for few days by characterizing the material by conducting analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD results highlighted the existence of LHP peak at approximately 15°, which the ratio intensity of LHP over PbI2 was calculated to determine the highest formation of perovskite among the sample. SEM images shows crystal grain of LHP formed on the substrate. For FTIR analysis, all functional groups represented LHP such as for -OH and -NH bonds were identified. From the conversion ratio of LHP/PbI2, the degradation of LHP was believed to start after D3 based on the decrease value over days. Further, P30 displayed the less degraded among the series due to lowest conversion ratio of 13.86% followed by P50 and P10, with 17.89% and 28.57% respectively. Moreover, it was found that 30 minutes is the optimum immersion time, based on the highest conversion ratio. In conclusion, better stability of LHP was obtained from 30 minutes of time immersion in methylammonium iodide solution and LHP was started to degrade after D3 at humidity —50%. This study have highlighted the important of optimum time for the reaction of perovskite formation using 2-ssd and that formed LHP materials exhibit better stability compared to other methods. Further study is suggested to carry out to improve the stability of LHP in order to contribute better performance for gas application, as example.