Diversity and distribution of family arecaceae in Bukit Panau, Tanah Merah, Kelantan

Family Arecaceae is a significant ecological element in tropical habitats. However, prior to this research, there were no data of its diversity and distribution at Bukit Panau ever recorded. This study is made to assess the diversity and spatial patterns of distribution of Arecaceae species in the locality to contribute baseline ecological information. Field sampling took place on 24 April 2025 with random sampling along a walking distance of 500 meters within the study area. 16 plots sized 10 m x 10 m were randomly set, and for every plot, a GPS device was used to georeference each point, which was subsequently analyzed by the Geographical Information System (GIS). Diversity indices calculated are Shannon-Wiener Index (H) = 0.83 and Simpson Index (D) = 0.544, both of which indicate moderate diversity. 79 individuals were found in five species. Licuala spinosa was the dominant having 55 individuals, which were mainly found at low altitudes. S. zalacca followed with 19 individuals and A. pinnata with three individuals. C. manan and A. catechu were each represented by a single representative at random, which makes the overall species composition unbalanced. These findings emphasized the need for possible conservation efforts in Bukit Panau to preserve the existing diversity of native Arecaceae species. Documentation of such baseline data is relevant for ecological monitoring as well as good management of this tropical habitat.