VOPO4·2H2O and the vanadium phosphate catalyst poduced by snochemical sythesis

Six vanadyl phosphate dihydrate were prepared via sonochemical synthesis with different duration of time, i.e 15,30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min are denoted as DS15, DS30, DS45,DS90 and DS120 , respectively. DS120 were chosen as starting material to futher proceed to form VPO catalyst through conventional reflux method. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and temperature - programmed reduction (TPR) in H2. Catalytic evaluation. Catalytic evaluation of the sonochemical treated VPO catalyst, VPDS120 was studied on microreactor. From the XRD patterns of the vanadyl phosphate dihydrate obtained. VOPO4,2H2O, via sonochemical synthesis in different duration of time are perfectly matched with the standard VOPO42H2O. indicating the high purity of the VOPO42H2O produced through this sonochemical synthesis technique that have been drastically reduced the synthesis time to only 15 min compared to the conventional reflux method that consumed the synthesis time up to 24 h. VPDS120 catalyst shows a drastically increment in the percentege of n-butane conversion compared to conventional VPD catalyst. This phenomenon occured majorly due to the VPDS120 catalyst produced has smaller diameters and thickness of platelets that directly increase the active site of the catalyst for oxidation of n-butane. Futhermore, VPDS120 catalyst contain more V4+ percentage which also directly also directly lead to the increment of the total amount of active and mobile oxygen attached to V4+ phase (0-V4+ pair)