Analysis of water quality using physico-chemical parameters in Sungai Galas, Kelantan.

The purpose of this research is to determine the status of water quality in Sungai Galas based on physico-chemical parameter. There were 60 sampling station were selected at two sampling areas and three replication measurement were conducted at each sampling station by using YSI Multiprobe parameter and turbidimeter. In-situ parameters reading taken at the site were water temperature, pH, water conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), and turbidity. This study was done starting from July, August and September 2016. From the obtained results, as most physico-chemical parameters in residential area (downstream) has higher mean value compared to vegetative area (upstream) namely temperature, conductivity, salinity, TDS and turbidity. pH and DO mean values descend as the river water flow from upstream to downstream. The highest pH recorded was in vegetative area, 7.12 ± 0.08 and the lowest, 6.30 ± 0.07 from residential area. The temperature recorded was less varies which within range 26.50 ± 0.18 o C to 29.55 ± 0.26 o C. The highest mean concentration of DO recorded was 6.45 ± 0.44 mg/L from vegetative area and the lowest was 2.12 ± 0.29 mg/L from residential area while the conductivity value is highest at residential area which is 90.00 ± 0.01 μS/cm and lowest at vegetative area which is 40.00 ± 0.01 μS/cm. The salinity was in ranges between 0.02 to 0.04 and the mean concentration of TDS was in ranges between 60.00 ± 0.00 mg/L 30.00 ± 0.01 mg/L. The highest mean value of turbidity is 95.30 ± 2.83 NTU for residential area and the lowest is, 91.91 ± 16.37 NTU for vegetative area. As compare to WHO, EPA and FAO for drinking and irrigation purposes, most of the physico-chemical parameters in this study shows there were within the permissible limit. The mean concentration of DO were not achieve the standard which it must >4 mg/L and there were no prescribed standards suggested by EPA and FAO for salinity. Independent t-test was conducted and most of the parameter shows significance between two areas. Pearson’s correlation shows there were positive correlation between temperature, conductivity, salinity, TDS and turbidity parameters. DO and pH have negative correlation to the other parameters.