Geology and river geomorphology of Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan

In December 2014, the huge flood occurred in Kelantan and caused damages to its people and infrastructures. Flood can be caused by human actions or effects from natural itself. Therefore, the river characteristics should be studied in advance to find out the causes of the flooding. The research was conducted in Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan with the title of geology and river geomorphology of Kuala Betis, The study area is covers an area of 5x5 kilometers and included three major rivers in the area; Nenggiri, Betis and Berok Rivers. The objectives of the research are to produce the geological map of Kuala Betis, to characterize rivers morphology at study area and to discuss the relationship between geology and geomorphology characteristic of rivers. The method used in the research is geological mapping of rock sampling, observation and measurements of structure that exist in the area. Different stations being observed, measured and the rock sampling were taken to determine the geological structure. River velocity measurements were done by using Small Current Meter at different coordinate before proceeding with calculation to find the values. Result from the research is firstly, the geological map is produced to the latest information on the scale of 1:25,000. Rivers morphology is characterized in channel stages, stream types, erosion stages which conclude that the rivers at mature stage, river processes include erosion, transportation and deposition, and also velocity of the river water flow increases because of the increasing amount of rain water on rainy season. From the river geomorphology, it can be concluded that human actions can be the reason for flooding due to deforestation for infrastructure and plantation. Natural effects are from continuous rainy season, increasing water flows and the river beds can’t accommodate the amount of river water.