The effectiveness of graphene oxide in controlling Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from smoked asian clam, Corbicula fluminea

This study aims to isolate and identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus from smoked Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea and to characterize the sensitivity of Vibrio
parahaemolyticus towards Graphene Oxide (GO), antibiotics and heavy metals. Ten V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tested to antibiotic susceptibility test subjected to 16 types of antibiotics using discs diffusion method. From the results obtained, antibiotic susceptibility test results shows total of 56.25% sensitive cases, 8.75
intermediate cases and 35% resistance cases. All isolated V. parahaemolyticus were sensitive towards all antibiotics except for Nalixidic acid. While all V. parahaemolyticus isolates resistant towards all antibiotics tested. Results obtained show the highest percentage of sensitivity was towards Chloramphenicol,
Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Tetracycline with 90% compared to the other antibiotics while Colistin sulphate are the lowest sensitivity recorded with only 20%. The isolated bacteria were also found resistant towards Nalidixic acid with the highest percentage 80%. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of V. parahaemolytlcus indicated that smoked Asian clam have been exposed to tested antibiotics with results 0.35.
Heavy metal resistance test towards V. parahaemolyticus using agar dilution method showed 100% growth of bacteria on Chromium. There are 76% growth of bacteria on Cadmium and 34% growth of bacteria on Copper. For antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO) test towards V. parahaemolyticus, positive results recorded.