Extraction and biological activity of extracts from different plants

The resistance to different medicines either natural or synthetic to different microorganisms is still a great cause of occurrence of various diseases. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of Eugenia polyantha, Scorodocarpus borneensis and Oroxylum indicum leaf extracts and was aimed to produce a crude extract based antimicrobial material in order to minimize resistance offered by disease causing microorganisms. The Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction methods were used in order acquire methanol and ethanol extracts. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were screened using Nutrient Agar (NA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) respectively. The extract showed a significant antibacterial activities against two bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) and antifungal activities against two fungus (Fusarium solani and Mesodinium rubrum). The concentration dependant results obtained showed that methanol and ethanol extracts has an effective inhibition zone against B. subtilis and E. coli, however highest antibacterial activity was detected against gram positive bacteria for all the extracts. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol and ethanol extracts was determined and compared the presences of turbidity in solution. Thus, the leaf of Eugenia polyantha, Scorodocarpus borneensis and Oroxylum indicum can be utilized as a source of bioactive materials as new leads in the medicinal field.