Callus Induction of Vanilla planifolia Orchid Using Different Concentration of Plant Growth Regulators

Vanilla planifolia is famous as the original flavouring agent of vanilla. It belongs to Orchidaceae family. With the development of science technology, Vanilla planifolia has been propagated in tissue culture to increase the propagation of the species. The objective of this study is to induce callus in Vanilla planifolia by manipulation of plant growth regulator type and concentration. Callus is an unorganizing, unspecialized, growing and dividing mass of cells. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) help in stimulation of cell division and regulate the differentiation and growth of roots and shoots on explants and embryos in liquid or semisolid medium culture. Leaves explant of Vanilla planifolia was used to induce callus. Half strength of Murashige and Skoong (MS) medium used was supplemented with combination of BAP and NAA different concentration. Data on callus formation such as fresh weight of callus, colour of callus, appearance of callus, formation of shoot and hairy roots were collected and analysed by using One-way ANOVA and Tukey‟s HSD. From the result, the highest mean fresh weight was observed in T7 medium with combination of 2 mg/l of BAP and 3 mg/l of NAA have the highest mean fresh weight of callus formation by 1.57±4.58 g. There is significant different between concentration and mean fresh weight of callus P (<0.05). Colour of callus produced by observed calluses were white-green, creamish green, yellowish, yellowish green and green colour. In this study, all induced calluses observed as compact appearance.