Biodiesel production from extracted oil of Helianthus annus seed of pericarp by using strong alkaline catalyst of sodium methoxide and sodium hydroxide

Nowadays, the awareness on the negative impact of environmental is become major issues around the world due to the excessive emission greenhouse gas (GHG) from the diesel engines. So, many researchers have tried to find the alternative resources to produce the biodiesel which is more eco-environment. Plant oil is the main renewable feedstock that can avoid the dependency on the petrochemical oil, so Helianthus annus (Sunflower) pericarp seed has the potency in this production of biodiesel due to its fatty acid contained and it is also not compete with the food resources as well as other application because it is a seed waste. In this study, the effect on the molar ratio of the oil to alcohol has been studied with a different range of molar ratio (1:2. 1:3 &1:6) and throughout this parameter, molar ratio of 1:2 show the highest yield at 4%. The yield of the biodiesel produced also was being investigated over the vary time reaction (30 min, 1 hour and 2 % hours) and at 1 hour of the time reaction gave the best yield which was at 5% compared to the other time reaction. For the study on the type of catalyst used, it shows that 1.0M of Sodium hydroxide is more effectively compared to 0.5M of Sodium methoxide as it managed to produce 51.33% of biodiesel. Soxhlet extraction method was being used to produce the oil from the Sunflower pericarp seed before being further with the transesterification process then its FAMEs composition was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the FAMEs that had been identified were consisted of Ricinoleic acid (92.59%), Oleic acid (91.82%), Gondoic acid (91.91%), Linoleic acid (91.82%) and Lignoceric acid (91.98%).