An extraction of natural dye from roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) apply on cotton fabric

Natural dye was extracted from roselle calyces in order to reduce the use of synthetic dye in textile industries. Synthetic dye may produce hazardous waste into waste water. Roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was extracted to investigate the presence of anthocyanin pigment that can produce natural colorant of dye and its ability to apply on cotton fabric. To produce natural dye, the process of extraction is using distilled water as a solvent by cold maceration for 48 hours. The dark red color were obtained from the extraction of roselle calyces. The dark red color obtained is due to the presence of anthocyanin. In order to determine the anthocyanin content, distilled water and ethanol were used. Uv-visible spectrophotometer is used to calculate the content of anthocyanin. Total anthocyanin content extract from distilled water is 1.24 mg/g whereas 1.12 mg/g from ethanol extracted. Distilled water was produce higher anthocyanin content compared to ethanol. The anthocyanin content was determine by pH differential method by prepared pH 1 and pH 4.5. The natural colorant from extraction were applied on cotton fabric with the additional of chemical mordant. Aluminium sulphate and Potassium dichromate were found more stable on cotton fabric for 40 days as a mordant compared to Copper sulphate as well as without chemical mordant. Spectroscopic characterisation (FTIR) successful showed the presence of anthocyanin compound which situated on 1800-1380 cm-1 wavelength number for both extraction solvent ethanol and distilled water.