Water bodies delineation and change detection using GIS and remote sensing : a study case in Tumpat, Kelantan

Mapping the water surface is a significant aspect of identifying the extension or shrinkage of any water body. It is a beneficial technique for a region, experiencing gradual river shifting, erosion, or frequent flood events. Climate change often causes excessive rainfall or drought conditions in a riverine region, significantly impacting water over spilling or shrinkage and sedimentation of a river. The spatio-temporal study of delineation and mapping of extracting and delineating water bodies and estimating changes during 2014 to 2023 in Tumpat, Kelantan, to detect and delineate water bodies in Tumpat, Kelantan for year 2014 and year 2023, to identify change detection of water bodies in Tumpat, Kelantan between 2014 to 2023. This study aims to delineate water bodies of Tumpat, Kelantan using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing over a temporal scale of ten years from 2014 to 2023. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) are used in this study to map and estimate the changes and extension of water bodies of the region. It is observed that there is a decrease of 10.75% in water bodies in the district from 2014 to 2023.