Daily activity budget of long-tailed macaque (macaca fascicularis) at residential area (Pioner Cove), Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan Peninsular of Malaysia

The study investigates the daily activities of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Pioner Cove, Negeri Sembilan, over a 20-day period. A total of 346 instances of active behavior were recorded, emphasizing the macaques' structured daily routine. The macaques typically depart the forest at 8:20 a.m. to forage and engage in social activities, returning by 10:20 a.m. as temperatures rise. They resume their foraging in the afternoon, leaving again at 3:00 p.m. and returning at 6:30 p.m. Morning activities are particularly beneficial, as they reduce the risk of predator encounters, which are more likely in the afternoon heat. The most frequently observed behaviors included play (15.42%), vocalization (14.86%), and grooming, (14.07%) with additional activities such as eating, resting, and maternal care noted. The findings highlight significant variations in activity frequency, contributing to the understanding of the social structure and adaptive behaviors of these primates. This research is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies and managing human-wildlife conflicts in areas where macaques and humans coexist