Geology and landslide susceptibility mapping along major road using geographic information sytem (GIS) at Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan

Landslides are more prevalent than any other geological occurrence, and they can occur anywhere on the globe. Each year, landslides are one of the most prominent geohazards that cause enormous losses. The causes of landslides in Malaysia differ significantly from the rest of the world. Some studies suggest that geological conditions are the leading cause of slope failure in many countries around the world. Thus, this research has chosen Kampung Sungai Rual, in Jeli district, Kelantan to perform a landslide study. The coordinate of the study area is between 5°40°49.06'N 101° 47'29.66"E (top left); 5°4048.70'N 101°50'44.64"E (top right), and 5°38'34.09'N 101° 50'44.28"E (bottom left); 5°38'34.22'N 101°47'30.06"E (bottom right) that covers an area of 25km2. The purpose of the study is to produce geological map of Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli Kelantan with the scale of 1:25000, to identify parameters that influence landslides and eventually to generate landslides susceptibility map using ModelBuilder tool in ArcGIS. This study also discusses the geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology, and historical geology of the study area. Rual River is located in Jeli district, which is positioned at the foot of Peninsular Malaysia's Main Range. The distribution of rocks found in the study area is igneous rock and metamorphic rock, according to research and data collection during mapping. The highest peak in the study area is an igneous rock hill with a height of 800m from mean sea level. To obtain a more accurate rock type, rock samples were collected and sent to a laboratory for petrographic analysis. The parameters that triggered the occurrence of landslide were identified; distance to stream, distance to road, lithology, slope, aspect, and land use. The data of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) had been used to extract the parameters information. Following this, a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on ModelBuilder was utilised to create the landslide susceptibility map. The result indicated that the susceptibility map for landslides is divided into three classes: low, moderate, and high. The region is more vulnerable to landslides as class levels increase. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the area under study belongs to a low susceptibility class and that the likelihood of a landslide occurring is low.