Study on sediment quality using heavy metals from river sediment

The study of sediment analyses the various elements, sources, and kinds of sediment, focusing on the effects of heavy metal contamination and the dynamics of natural rivers. Analytical methods that improve our comprehension and aid in environmental preservation include microwave digestion and ICP-OES. Grain size distribution and heavy metal concentration are the main subjects of this study being conducted in Kelantan to evaluate the features of the sediment. The objectives are to analyses the grain sizes in the sediment, measure the concentrations of heavy metals, and compare the levels of heavy metals with different fractions of the grain size. The study contributes to understanding sediment quality and potential environmental impacts, guiding effective management strategies This study conducted in Kelantan employs rigorous methods to investigate sediment characteristics. It uses techniques such laboratory sieving, loss on ignition, microwave digestion, enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index and ICP-OES analysis to analyses grain size distribution, texture, organic matter, and heavy metal concentrations from samples taken from seven different locations. The objective of the study is to offer thorough understandings of sediment quality and possible environmental effects. Significant patterns can be seen when analyzing the amounts of heavy metals in sediment samples and comparing the grain sizes (32μm–63μm and <32μm). The content of cadmium varies; 32μm–63μm had lower levels than <32μm. Except for <32μm in the Buloh River, the majority of chromium content is still below 100. The greater copper values in <32μm are a result of fractured rocks. Sediment composition affects iron content, whereas mineralization and river currents affect manganese amounts. Around 32 μm is where nickel accumulates the most, and lead distribution is similar at all diameters. The amount of zinc varies depending on location and size. The Kelantan study conducted a thorough analysis of the grain size distribution and heavy metal concentration of the sediment, finding intricate connections that are important for ongoing research and environmental management.