Study Of Diabetes Mellitus Among Dogs In Selected Clinics In Selangor From Year 2021 To 2023

An abstract of the research paper presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, in partial requirement on the course DVT 55204 Research Project. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease in which there is persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, due to insufficient or no insulin production from the pancreas. It has been classified into two main types, Type I and Type II. Dogs are most commonly affected by Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The characteristic clinical signs of diabetes mellitus observed include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia with weight loss. The research objectives are to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among dogs in Selangor, Malaysia, and also to determine the association of diabetes mellitus in dogs with their demographic variables, including age, sex, physiological status, breed, body weight, diet and animal management. Data was collected from three selected veterinary clinics by reviewing the available electronic or physical files of medical records of all dogs presenting to these selected clinics between Year 2021 to Year 2023. The data obtained from the medical records include demographic data, client complaints, together with diagnostic workup and the treatment provided. Data collected from medical records was coded with the use of Excel sheets and then analysis was done via the use of SPSS. Prevalence is calculated as the proportions of dogs diagnosed with diabetes mellitus among the total number of dogs visited the selected veterinary clinics. Trends of disease prevalence were recorded. Descriptive statistics for categorical data were summarized into frequency and percentage. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine the association between diabetes mellitus development and the potential risk factors. In this study, it was found that the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 2021 to 2023 was 1.04%, and there is a significant association of disease development with demographic variables such as physiological status, breed and age. The result of this study provided some information which was previously unavailable.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, insulin, prevalence, risk factors