Antibiogram of Salmonella spp. Isolated from diseased Blood-red parrot cichlid fish (Amphilophus Citrinellus X Paraneetroplus Synspilus) of aquarium shop

Ornamental fish production is increasing, infectious diseases are becoming more common among ornamental fish, resulting in a lot of economic loss because of high fish mortality. In the ornamental fish industry, there is a lot of concern about bacterial infections. Salmonella spp. is the most commonly isolated bacteria from infected ornamental fish purchased from an aquarium shop, according to bacterial species surveillance. The idea has been raised that ornamental fish getting infected by Salmonella spp. is through contaminated water and feeding by fishermen, sellers, and hobbyists. Thus, an antibacterial compound is being used to minimize bacterial disease problems. However, the water treatment and the most effective antibiotic for Salmonella spp. treatment is still unknown. This study aims (1) to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. from diseased Blood-Red Parrot Cichlid fish and (2) to characterize antibiogram of isolated Salmonella spp. A total of 30 samples were taken from unhealthy Blood-Red Parrot Cichlid fish which consists of four different parts of fish which are the abdomen, eye, gill, kidney, and skin. Salmonella spp. were isolated using the spread plate method and identified using a commercial BBL Crystal kit. Disk diffusion was used to conduct the antibiotic susceptibility test on the present bacterium. Nalidixic Acid, Oxolonic Acid, Compound Sulphonamides, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Novobiocin, Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin, Sulphamethoxazole, Erythromycin, Flumequine, Oxytetracycline, Spiramycin, Fosfomycin, Amoxycillin are among the 16 antibiotics utilized. Results of antimicrobial testing were categorized as sensitive, intermediately sensitive, or resistant to several antimicrobial agents. Based on the findings of the antibiotic sensitivity tests, the multiple antibiotic indexes (MAR) were calculated. Oxolonic acid was shown to be the most effective in suppressing current bacterial isolates, with 83.3 percent sensitivity. The most responsive antibiotics were doxycycline (73.33%) and erythromycin (60%) respectively. On the contrary, all bacterial isolates were ampicillin-resistant.