Study on effect of different light intensity on growth of butterhead in indoor farming

Artificial lights such as LEDs have been used successfully in indoor farming as an efficient light source for commercial plant cultivation. Artificial LED sources enable indoor farming operations with limited plant space and a focus on high productivity and quality to control the lighting environment. However, the different light intensities can have an effect on the plant's growth development and quality yield. To determine the optimal LED light setting for butterhead planting, an experiment was conducted using three different sets of LED lamps with varying light intensities and ratio colors. Hydroponic butterhead seedlings were grown under three different light treatment combinations, each with a different level of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD). LEDs with the same electrical power produce light of varying intensities, including Treatment 1 with a ratio of three red to one blue (58.4 mol m 2 s'i), Treatment 2 with a ratio of two red to one white (84.01 mol m2 sl), Treatment 3 with a ratio of two blue to one white (120.5 mol 1112 s''), and Control treatment with direct sunlight (123.41 mol 2 S-1). This study used a few parameters, including plant height, width, fresh weight, SPAD chlorophyll value, and nitrogen content. As a result, treatments utilizing white light perform well across all parameters measured. Treatment 2 produced the tallest plants, while Treatment 3 produced the widest leaves, and fresh plant weight resulted in increased growth and yield performance for butterhead plants when compared to the red-blue light treatment. While the Control treatment has the highest PPFD, the aid-specific light treatment may influence the growth of indoor plants. Even though in Treatment 3, the SPAD-chlorophyll values are highest in the presence of blue light treatment. These findings demonstrate that white LED light has a beneficial effect on butterhead growth and quality. They suggest that combining white LED light sources with red-blue light sources may be preferable for indoor butterhead farming.