Assessment of river water quality using water quality index (wqi) in urban, suburban and residential areas in Kelantan river

Kelantan River is the main river in Kelantan, and it is been relied for water sources for irrigation, small-scale fishing industries and receive wastewater effluent. This research study is aims to identify the significant difference in water quality index (WQI) and its parameters and the correlation between WQI and its parameters in urban, suburban and residential area along Kelantan River. Water quality stations in urban, suburban and residential areas had been selected with facilitation of ArcMap 10.0 software. International Business Machines Corporation Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) software is utilized to analyzed WQI and its parameters using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation to correlate between WQI and its parameters. From this research, there is no significant difference in water quality between urban, suburban and residential areas along Kelantan River. The correlation of water quality parameters vary between locations which indicates different water pollution contributors except correlation between BOD and COD, pH and AN, and TSS and WQI. WQI in urban, suburban and residential areas were classified in Class II from 2015 until 2019 except WQI in residential area in 2019 which was classified in Class III. This study will provide scientific reference for future use to protect local aquatic environment in Kelantan River and also can be used to manage the river basin development in future.